Sunday the 21st of June is Global MND Awareness Day. It aims to raise awareness, honour those affected by Motor Neurone Disease (MND), and support fundraising efforts towards finding a cure. 

This post provides information about MND and speech pathology. It highlights the important role of a speech pathologist in supporting people with the condition. MND significantly impacts a person’s ability to communicate and to eat and drink safely, which is where speech pathology plays a vital role in maintaining quality of life and connection with others. 

What is MND?

Motor neurone disease (MND) is an umbrella term used to describe a group of progressive neurological conditions that affect nerve cells called motor neurons. These motor neurons carry messages from the brain to the muscles via the spinal cord. These messages allow us to carry out essential functions such as walking, talking, swallowing, and breathing. 

In people living with MND, these motor neurons become damaged and gradually stop working. As a result, the muscles weaken and waste away over time. This leads to increasing difficulties with movement, communication, and swallowing. The progression of the disease varies from person to person. 

  • Two people are diagnosed with MND every day.

  • Two people die from MND every day.

  • Approximately 2,752 Australians currently live with MND.

  • On average, life expectancy is 2-3 years from the point of diagnosis.

  • At present, there is no cure for MND.

MND and Speech Pathology

Speech pathologists play a key role in supporting people with MND across both communication and mealtime management. 

Swallowing and mealtime management

Swallowing and mealtime management

As MND progresses, swallowing can become increasingly difficult and unsafe.

Speech pathologists help by: 

  • Providing individualised recommendations for safe food textures and fluid consistencies.
  • Implementing mealtime strategies to reduce the risk of choking and aspiration.
  • Educating family members, carers, and support staff to ensure consistent and safe care.  
  • Supporting decision-making around alternative nutrition when required.

Communication support

Communication support

MND can also affect speech, making it harder for individuals to express their needs, thoughts, and feelings.

Speech pathologists support communication by: 

  • Introducing and guiding voice banking early, allowing individuals to record their own voice for future use.
  • Supporting the use of AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication) systems, including low-tech communication boards and high-tech devices such as eye-gaze technology.
  • Training communication partners (family, friends, and carers) to understand and effectively use AAC systems.
  • Adapting communication strategies as needs change over time.

Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC)

Communication is a significant challenge in MND and speech pathologists have an important role in addressing this. Many people with MND use augmentative tools to support communication early in the disease, then eventually these tools replace speech. These AAC tools are highly individualised and can be adapted as the condition progresses, ensuring that people with MND can continue to communicate in meaningful ways for as long as possible. 

Voice Preservation

Voice preservation for people with Motor Neurone Disease refers to the proactive process of recording and storing a person’s speech while their voice is still strong and clear, so it can later be used with communication technology if speaking becomes difficult. This may involve creating personalised voice recordings, “message banking” meaningful phrases, or developing a synthetic voice that closely matches the person’s natural speech patterns, accent, and personality. Voice preservation supports ongoing communication, identity, emotional connection, and participation in everyday life, allowing the person to continue expressing themselves in a way that feels familiar and personally meaningful.

At the end of this article, you will find a downloadable handout explaining the different methods of voice preservation for people with MND and speech pathologists.

Young man using Augmentative and Alternative Communication

Take home message

MND is a challenging and life-changing diagnosis, but it is not something people have to face alone. Speech pathologists, alongside multidisciplinary teams, work to ensure that individuals remain connected, supported, and able to participate in daily life with dignity and choice. 

Until there is a cure, there is care.